caption-side

значения свойства:

top
bottom
left
right
inherit

css/style.css

table, td{
border: 1px solid #00F;
font-size: 24px;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
#t1 {
caption-side: top;
}
#t4 {
caption-side: left;
}
#t5 {
caption-side: right;
}

table, td{
 border: 1px solid #00F;
 font-size: 24px;
 border-collapse: collapse;
}

#t1 {
 caption-side: top;
}

#t4 {
 caption-side: left;
}

#t5 {
 caption-side: right;
}

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>New Page</title>
<link href="css/style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<table id="t1">
<caption>English / Russian</caption>
<tr>
<td>Hello World!</td>
<td>Привет Мир!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>To be or not to be?</td>
<td>Быть или не быть?</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<table id="t2">
<caption>English / Russian</caption>
<tr>
<td>Hello World!</td>
<td>Привет Мир!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>To be or not to be?</td>
<td>Быть или не быть?</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<table id="t3">
<caption>English / Russian</caption>
<tr>
<td>Hello World!</td>
<td>Привет Мир!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>To be or not to be?</td>
<td>Быть или не быть?</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<table id="t4">
<caption>Capital</caption>
<tr>
<td>Washington</td>
<td>USA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kiev</td>
<td>Ukraine</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<table id="t5">
<caption>Capital</caption>
<tr>
<td>Washington</td>
<td>USA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kiev</td>
<td>Ukraine</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
/*JavaScript*/
document.getElementById("t2").style.captionSide="top";
/*jQuery*/
$(document).ready(function() {
$("#t3").css({ "caption-side": "bottom" });
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>New Page</title>
<link href="css/style.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<table id="t1">
<caption>English / Russian</caption>
<tr>
<td>Hello World!</td>
<td>Привет Мир!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>To be or not to be?</td>
<td>Быть или не быть?</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<table id="t2">
<caption>English / Russian</caption>
<tr>
<td>Hello World!</td>
<td>Привет Мир!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>To be or not to be?</td>
<td>Быть или не быть?</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<table id="t3">
<caption>English / Russian</caption>
<tr>
<td>Hello World!</td>
<td>Привет Мир!</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>To be or not to be?</td>
<td>Быть или не быть?</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<table id="t4">
<caption>Capital</caption>
<tr>
<td>Washington</td>
<td>USA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kiev</td>
<td>Ukraine</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
<br />
<table id="t5">
<caption>Capital</caption>
<tr>
<td>Washington</td>
<td>USA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Kiev</td>
<td>Ukraine</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
/*JavaScript*/
document.getElementById("t2").style.captionSide="top";
/*jQuery*/
$(document).ready(function() {
$("#t3").css({ "caption-side": "bottom" });
});
</script>
</body>
</html>